Jose Zorrilla y Moral

Jose Zorrilla y Moral Poems

Jose Zorrilla y Moral Biography

José Zorrilla y Moral (21 February 1817 - 23 January 1893), was a Spanish Romantic poet and dramatist. He was born in Valladolid to a magistrate in whom Ferdinand VII placed special confidence,. He was educated by the Jesuits at the Real Seminario de Nobles in Madrid, wrote verses when he was twelve, became an enthusiastic admirer of Walter Scott and Chateaubriand, and took part in the school performances of plays by Lope de Vega and Calderón de la Barca. In 1833 he was sent to study law at the University of Toledo, but after a year of idleness, he fled to Madrid, where he horrified the friends of his absolutist father by making violent speeches and by founding a newspaper which was promptly suppressed by the government. He narrowly escaped transportation to the Philippines, and passed the next few years in poverty. The death of the satirist Mariano José de Larra brought Zorrilla into notice. His elegiac poem, read at Larra's funeral in February 1837, introduced him to the leading men of letters. In 1837 he published a book of verses, mostly imitations of Alphonse de Lamartine and Victor Hugo, which was so favourably received that he printed six more volumes within three years. After collaborating with Antonio García Gutiérrez on the play Juán Dondolo (1839) Zorrilla began his individual career as a dramatist with Cada cual con su razón (1840), and during the next five years he wrote twenty-two plays, many of them extremely successful. His Cantos del trovador (1841), a collection of national legends written in verse, made Zorilla second only to José de Espronceda in popular esteem. National legends also supply the themes of his dramas, which Zorilla often constructed by adapting older plays that had fallen out of fashion. For example, in El Zapatero y el Rey he recasts El montanés Juan Pascual by Juan de la Hoz y Mota; in La mejor Talon la espada he borrows from Agustín Moreto y Cavana's Travesuras del estudiante Pa-atoja. His famous play Don Juan Tenorio is a combination of elements from Tirso de Molina's Burlador de Sevilla and from Alexandre Dumas, père's Don Juan de Marana (which itself derives from Les dames du purgatoire by Prosper Mérimée). However, plays like Sancho García, El Rey loco, and El Alcalde Ronquillo are much more original. He considered his last play, Traidor, inconfeso y mártir (1845) his best play. Upon the death of his mother in 1847 Zorrilla left Spain, resided for a while at Bordeaux, and settled in Paris, where his incomplete poem Granada was published in 1852. In a fit of depression, he emigrated to America three years later, hoping, he claimed, that yellow fever or smallpox would kill him. During eleven years in Mexico he wrote very little. He returned to Spain in 1866, to find himself half-forgotten and considered old-fashioned. Friends helped Zorilla obtain a small post, but the republican minister later abolished it. He was always poor, especially for the 12 years after 1871. The publication of his autobiography, Recuerdos del tiempo viejo in 1880, did nothing to alleviate his poverty. Though his plays were still being performed, he received no money from them. Finally, in his old age, critics began to reappraise his work, and brought him new fame. He received a pension of 30,000 reales, a gold medal of honor from the Spanish Academy, and, in 1889, the title of National Laureate. He died in Madrid on 23 January 1893. In his early years, Zorrilla was known as an extraordinarily fast writer. He claimed he wrote El Caballo del Rey Don Sancho in three weeks, and that he put together El Puñal del Godo in two days. This may account for some of the technical faults—redundancy and verbosity—in his works. His plays often appeal to Spanish patriotic pride, and actors and audiences have enjoyed his effective dramaturgy. Don Juan Tenorio is his best-known work.)

The Best Poem Of Jose Zorrilla y Moral

Oriental

Dueña de la negra toca,
la del morado monjil,
por un beso de tu boca
diera a Granada Boabdil.

Diera la lanza mejor
del Zenete más bizarro,
y con su fresco verdor
toda una orilla del Darro.

Diera la fiesta de toros,
y si fueran en sus manos,
con la zambra de los moros
el valor de los cristianos.

Diera alfombras orientales,
y armaduras y pebetes,
y diera... ¡que tanto vales!,
hasta cuarenta jinetes.

Porque tus ojos son bellos,
porque la luz de la aurora
sube al Oriente desde ellos,
y el mundo su lumbre dora.

Tus labios son un rubí,
partido por gala en dos...
Le arrancaron para ti
de la corona de Dios.

De tus labios, la sonrisa,
la paz de tu lengua mana...
leve, aérea, como brisa
de purpurina mañana.

¡Oh, qué hermosa nazarena
para un harén oriental,
suelta la negra melena
sobre el cuello de cristal,

en lecho de terciopelo,
entre una nube de aroma,
y envuelta en el blanco velo
de las hijas de Mahoma!

Ven a Córdoba, cristiana,
sultana serás allí,
y el sultán será, ¡oh sultana!,
un esclavo para ti.

Te dará tanta riqueza,
tanta gala tunecina,
que ha de juzgar tu belleza
para pagarle, mezquina.

Dueña de la negra toca,
por un beso de tu boca
diera un reino Boabdil;
y yo por ello, cristiana,
te diera de buena gana
mil cielos, si fueran mil.

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